Laws and other measures had been taken already in 1933 to exclude "non-Aryans" from government work and from influential positions in professions such as the law, education, journalism and medicine. Specific anti-Jewish legislation came within the context of a 15. September 1935 law defining citizenship of the Third Reich and is generally known as the Nuernberg Laws. Following are excerpts:

1. Marriages between Jews and nationals of German or kindred blood are forbidden. Marriages concluded in defiance of this law are void. even if, for the purpose of evading this law, they are concluded abroad. ...

Jews will not be permitted to employ female nationals of German or kindred blood in their household."

Violations of this law were punishable with hard labor or imprisonment.

For purposes of defining citizenship by race, the FIRST REGULATION TO THE REICHS CITIZENSHIP LAW OF 14 NOV. 1935 was passed. Article 1 specified the rights of citizenship for "subjects of German or kindred blood."

"1. The regulations in Article 1 are also valid for Reich sugjects of mixed, Jewish blood.

2. An individual of mixed Jewish blood, is one who descended from one or two grandparents who were racially full Jews, insofar as [he or she] does not count as a Jew according to Article 5, paragraph 2. One grandparent shall be considered as full-blooded if he or she belonged to the Jewish religious community.

1. A Jew cannot be a citizen of the Reich. He has no right to vote in political affairs, he cannot occupy a public office.

2. Jewish officials will retire as of 31 December 1935....

4. The conditions of service of teachers in Jewish public schools remain unchanged, until new regulations of the Jewish school system are issued.

1. A Jew is anyone who descended from at least three grandparents who wre racially full Jews. Article 2 par. 2, second sentence will apply.

2. A Jew is also one who descended from two full Jewish parents, if: (a) he belonged to the Jewish religious community at the time this law was issued, or who joined the community later; (b) he was married to a Jewish person, at the time the law was issued, or married one subsequently; (c) he is the offspring from a marriage with a Jew, in the sense of Section 1, which was contracted after the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor became effective . . . .; (d) he is the offspring of an extramarital relationship, with a Jew, according to Section 1, and will be born out of wedlock after July 31, 1936."

Quoted from Bemjamin Sax/Dieter Kuntz, Inside Hitler's Germany: A Documentary History of Life in the Third Reich, D.C. Heath and Company: Lexington, Mass, Toronto: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992, 405-407.

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