Dr. Johanna Rubba
English Department (Linguistics)
Cal Poly State University San Luis Obispo
Last updated 4/26/04
© 2004 Johanna Rubba

Exercise: Stress & Vowel Reduction    KEY

Note that, when the primary stress 'moves off' of a vowel, that vowel will then be pronounced as schwa, in most cases (the vowel spelled 'i' in 'impose' and some of the other words doesn't always change when stress is removed). In the key below, a hyphen is inserted between syllables. Syllables carrying primary stress are underlined. Secondary-stressed syllables are in italics. Vowels that would/could be pronounced as schwa are CAPITALIZED in boldface. If you disagree about some of the secondary stress assignments, don't worry about it.
 
Column I  Column II  Column I Column II 
Im-pose im-pO-si-tIO prE-pare  pre-pA-ra-tIOn
con-trast* cOn-tras-tIve por-no-grA-phy por-nO-gra-phIc
rE-late re-lA-tIve rE-veal re-vE-la-tIOn
in-dI-cate In-di-cA-tIve re-gAl rE-ga-li-A
                
* The word 'contrast' has two possible stress patterns, depending on whether it is a noun or a verb.

RETURN  to Exercise A

B. Mark the primary and secondary stress in each of the following words. Again, use your own pronunciation or a dictionary for help where you need it (esp. for secondary stresses). Then, circle each vowel which you hear as schwa. Be careful not to use overly 'careful' or slow pronunciation (if you do, you won't produce any schwas!) Use normal-speed pronunciation.

Same as above.  Some of these words are difficult to cut up into syllables; if you made different cuts, don't worry too much about it, especially if these are in onsets/codas. Once again, the vowel spelled 'i' often does not change to schwa, even in an unstressed syllable.

1. hos-pI-tA-lize      2. re-mI-ni-scEnce      3. sec-rE-ta-ri-Al            4. dIs-tin-guIsh

5. app-lI-cA-ble  - or-   App-li-cA-ble       6. app-lI-ca-tIOn        7. la-bY-rInth

8. hy-pO-der-mIc         9. Ex-tin-guIsh        10. com-pO-si-tIOn      11. tour-nA-mEnt

12. ex-trA-cU-rric-U-lAr            13. pIc-to-ri-Al         14. bU-reau-crA-cy

15.bu-rEAU-cra-tIc       16. phos-phO-re-scEnce

RETURN  to Exercise B