Dr. Johanna Rubba English Department Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo Last updated 1/21/05 Copyright 2005 Johanna Rubba More Morphology Exercises For each word below, trace the effect of adding each affix, one by one, on the word category of the output word (product of attaching affix). Add affixes one at a time, as instructed for each word. Steps: 1 - Use part-of-speech tests to find the category of the base (noun, verb, adjective, adverb) without any affixes, e.g. "nation" for #1. Test for all categories. 2 - Add the first affix ("-al" for #1), then retest the result ("national") for part of speech. Test for all categories. 3 - Add the next affix ("-ity" for #1), then retest the result ("nationality") for part of speech. Test for all categories. If the base passes tests for more than one part of speech, use your intutions about the meaning of the word after the first affix is added. For instance, register passes noun tests, as in "a heat register", but does "preregister" have anything to do with heat registers? Register also passes verb tests; does "preregister" have anything to do with the act of registering? In each case, change the spelling as needed when affixes are added. What to show in your homework: Only result of each test.  Model: "uncertainty" 1. Base: certain = adjective 2. Add un- > uncertain = adjective 3. Add -ty > uncertainty = noun
1. nationality Base: nation Affix #1: -al Affix #2: -ity	4. preregistration Base: register Affix #1: pre- Affix #2: -ation
2. relationship Base: relate Affix #1: -ion Affix #2: -ship	5. gradually Base: gradual Affix #1: -ly
3. bolder Base: bold Affix #1: -er	6. kindness Base: kind Affix #1: -ness
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