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Chapter One The Evolution of Psychology

These sample questions are designed to give you an idea of the kinds of multiple choice questions that are likely to be asked by your instructor. At the end of the list of questions, you can hit the "answer" icon to see the questions with the right alternatives highlighted. 
1.1  Structuralism is the historical school of psychology which
 asserted that the purpose of psychology was to:

 a. study behavior
 b. discover the smaller elements which comprise consciousness
 c. explore the unconscious
 d. examine the purposes of conscious processes


1.2  Of the two parents of psychology, physiology and philosophy, which
 provided the method? What is the method?

 a. philosophy; logic, reasoning
 b. philosophy; intuition, introspection
 c. physiology; observation, science
 d. physiology; anatomy, surgery


1.3 Who is Wilhelm Wundt?

 a. He founded the first experimental laboratory.
 b. He founded the American Psychological Association.
 c. He discovered the classically conditioned salivary reflex.
 d. He founded behaviorism.
 e. Elmer Fudd's second cousin.


1.4  The phi phenonomon is

 a. the reasoning process of philosophers that led to erroneous conclusions
 b. the illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession
 c. the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation
 d. the idea that the mind and the body are fundamentally different entities


1.5  For John B. Watson, the appropriate subject matter of psychology was:

 a. observable behavior
 b. the unconscious
 c. consciousness
 d. human physiology
 e. understanding the criminal mind with Sherlock Holmes.


1.6  Which of the following represents a major breakthrough in the
 development of applied psychology?

 a. the use of the method of introspection
 b. Binet's development of the intelligence test
 c. establishment of the first animal laboratory
 d. Wundt's founding of experimental psychology
 e. You can apply the entire abnormal chapter to your roommate's behavior.


1.7  Within the field of psychology, Freud's ideas encountered resistance
 primarily because he emphasized:

 a. human consciousness
 b. human behavior
 c. introspection
 d. the unconscious


1.8   Which of the following would be considered the major principle of
 operant conditioning?

 a. Human behavior derives in part from free will; animal behavior is
    determined by the environment.
 b. Humans and other animals tend to repeat responses followed by
    positive outcomes.
 c. The majority of human behavior is based on thoughts, feelings, and
    wishes of which we are unaware.
 d. Human beings are fundamentally different from other animals.


1.9   Which of the following theorists would tend to emphasize explanations in
 terms of freedom and potential for personal growth?

 a. Rogers and Maslow
 b. Sigmund Freud
 c. B. F. Skinner
 d. All of the above

  
1.10   Recent research trends in psychology involve two areas largely ignored
 by early behaviorists. These two areas are:

 a. observable and measurable responses
 b. cognition (thinking) and physiological processes
 c. classical and operant conditioning
 d. the effect of environmental events and the behavior of lower animals


1.11  Which core psychological research area is primarily devoted to the study
 of such topics as memory, problem solving, and thinking?

 a. physiological
 b. social
 c. cognitive
 d. personality


1.12  Which of the following schools of psychology objected both to attempts
 to break consciousness into constituent elements and attempts to analyze
 behavior into stimulus-response bonds?

 a. structuralism
 b. functionalism
 c. behaviorism
 d. Gestalt


1.13  The assertion that "psychology is empirical" means that psychology is
 based on:

 a. introspection
 b. logic
 c. observation
 d. mathematics


1.14  In looking for the causes of a particular behavior, psychologists
 assume:

 a. one cause or factor
 b. multifactorial causation
 c. free will
 d. infinite causation


1.15  Contemporary psychologists generally assume that human behavior is
 determined by:

 a. heredity
 b. environment
 c. heredity and environment acting jointly
 d. 95% heredity and 5% environment


1.16  What does SQ3R stand for?

 a. search, question, research, recommend, reconstitute
 b. silence, quietude, reading, writing, arithmetic
 c. summarize, quickly, read, research, reread
 d. survey, question, read, recite, review
 e. stumbling, quying, really, really, ripped.
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Answers 
1.1  Structuralism is the historical school of psychology which
 asserted that the purpose of psychology was to: 

 a. study behavior
 b. discover the smaller elements which comprise consciousness
 c. explore the unconscious
 d. examine the purposes of conscious processes


1.2  Of the two parents of psychology, physiology and philosophy, which
 provided the method? What is the method?

 a. philosophy; logic, reasoning
 b. philosophy; intuition, introspection
 c. physiology; observation, science
 d. physiology; anatomy, surgery


1.3 Who is Wilhelm Wundt?

 a. He founded the first experimental laboratory.
 b. He founded the American Psychological Association.
 c. He discovered the classically conditioned salivary reflex.
 d. He founded behaviorism.
 e. Elmer Fudd's second cousin.


1.4  The phi phenonomon is

 a. the reasoning process of philosophers that led to erroneous conclusions
 b. the illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession
 c. the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation
 d. the idea that the mind and the body are fundamentally different entities


1.5  For John B. Watson, the appropriate subject matter of psychology was:

 a. observable behavior
 b. the unconscious
 c. consciousness
 d. human physiology
 e. understanding the criminal mind with Sherlock Holmes.


1.6  Which of the following represents a major breakthrough in the
 development of applied psychology?

 a. the use of the method of introspection
 b. development of the intelligence test for testing military recruits in World War I
 c. establishment of the first animal laboratory
 d. Wundt's founding of experimental psychology
 e. You can apply the entire abnormal chapter to your roommate's behavior.


1.7  Within the field of psychology, Freud's ideas encountered resistance
 primarily because he emphasized:

 a. human consciousness
 b. human behavior
 c. introspection
 d. the unconscious


1.8   Which of the following would be considered the major principle of
 operant conditioning?

 a. Human behavior derives in part from free will; animal behavior is
    determined by the environment.
 b. Humans and other animals tend to repeat responses followed by
    positive outcomes.
 c. The majority of human behavior is based on thoughts, feelings, and
    wishes of which we are unaware.
 d. Human beings are fundamentally different from other animals.


1.9   Which of the following theorists would tend to emphasize explanations in
 terms of freedom and potential for personal growth?

 a. Rogers and Maslow
 b. Sigmund Freud
 c. B. F. Skinner
 d. All of the above


1.10   Recent research trends in psychology involve two areas largely ignored
 by early behaviorists. These two areas are:

 a. observable and measurable responses
 b. cognition (thinking) and physiological processes
 c. classical and operant conditioning
 d. the effect of environmental events and the behavior of lower animals


1.11  Which core psychological research area is primarily devoted to the study
 of such topics as memory, problem solving, and thinking?

 a. physiological
 b. social
 c. cognitive
 d. personality


1.12  Which of the following schools of psychology objected both to attempts
 to break consciousness into constituent elements and attempts to analyze
 behavior into stimulus-response bonds?

 a. structuralism
 b. functionalism
 c. behaviorism
 d. Gestalt


1.13  The assertion that "psychology is empirical" means that psychology is
 based on:

 a. introspection
 b. logic
 c. observation
 d. mathematics


1.14  In looking for the causes of a particular behavior, psychologists
 assume:

 a. one cause or factor
 b. multifactorial causation
 c. free will
 d. infinite causation


1.15  Contemporary psychologists generally assume that human behavior is
 determined by:

 a. heredity
 b. environment
 c. heredity and environment acting jointly
 d. 95% heredity and 5% environment


1.16  What does SQ3R stand for?

 a. search, question, research, recommend, reconstitute
 b. silence, quietude, reading, writing, arithmetic
 c. summarize, quickly, read, research, reread
 d. survey, question, read, recite, review
 e. stumbling, quying, really, really, ripped.


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chapter
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