Chinese Language

Four ways of constructing Chinese characters
 1. image shapes (pictographs) hsiang hsing
 2. pointing to situations (indirect symbols) chih shih
 3.  meeting of ideas (associative compounds) hui i
 4.  picture and sound (determinative phonetics) hsing sheng

Transference
 1.  transferable meanings (mutually interpretive symbols) chuan chu
 2. borrowing (phonetic loan characters) chia chieh

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