| Period | Phase |
| Up to 1850 | Policy to reduce the threat of attacks, through education to prepare Indians for acculturation to American society |
| 1850-1887 | establishment of reservations and removal of Indians to them |
| 1887-1930s | conversion of individuals Indians into landowners and farmers by allotting to them a prorated share of tribal property |
| 1935-1950 | reestablishment of tribal authority |
| 1950-70 | "termination" or a renewed effort to end the special political status of the tribes and to integrate their members as individuals within the general citizenry |
| 1970 | retribalization or self-determination, a reversal of termination |
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