Major Legislative Acts Governing
Interaction with the Indian Nations
Year Act  Effect
1789 Federal Constitution Provided authority to negotiate treaties with
  Indian nations
1824  Creation of BIA Created Bureau of Indian Affairs within the War Department
1830 Indian Removal Act  Relocated all Indians west of the Mississippi River thus opening up former Indian lands along the East Coast for white colonization
1834  Trade and Intercourse Act  Regulated access of whites to Indian lands west of the Mississippi.  Emphasis was on a trade relationship with Indian Nations
1849  Creation of the Dept. of Interior  Transferred the BIA to the dept. of Interior because the Indian Nations were now viewed as a natural resource
1871 Termination of Treaty Negotiation  Directed that Indian Nations were not really nations and therefore should not be interacted with via treaty.   All previous treaties were to be honored.
1887 General Allotment Act (Dawes Act) Stated objective was to assimilate Indians by making them small farmers.  After each Indian received the allotted acreage, leftover Indian land was opened up for homesteading.
1924 Indian Citizenship Act Gave Indian Americans U.S. citizenship
1934 Indian Reorganization Act (Wheeler-Howard Act) Intended to stop assimilation by strengthening tribal governments and to protect Indian lands by placing them in trust.
1946  1946  Indian Claims Commission  Created the commission to redress cased of fraud and negligence by the U. S. in land transactions with Indian Nations
1953 House Concurrent Resolution 108 (Termination)  Intended to encourage the assimilation of Indians into the American mainstream by terminating federal responsibility (treaty rights) for specific tribes.
1953 Public Law 180  Gave states the authority to assume legal jurisdication, both civil and criminal, on Indian reservations.
1968 Indian Civil Rights Act Extended the basic civil right contained in the Bill of Rights to Indian reservations, where tribal law still holds jurisdiction
1971 Alaskan Native Claims Settlement Act Settled Indian and Alaskan Native land claims by awarding India and Alaskan native groups 40 million acres of land and a large financial settlement
1975 Public Law 93-580  American Indian Policy Review  Established a commission to study the Federal governmentÕs relationship with Indian Americans and to make legislative recommendations to Congress
1975  Public Law 93-638 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act Allowed tribes to assume responsibility for managing all services provided by the Federal Government.

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