ETHNIC RELATIONS IN BRAZIL
I. COLONIZATION
A. DISCOVERY OF BRAZIL 1550
1. Cabral discovered on way to Far East
2. Cannibalism death of missionaries excuse for invasion
B. WHO, WHY HOW
conquest, military, church, merchants, single white
males
II. ECONOMIC PATTERNS
A. COMMODITIES
1. 1500-1550 DYEWOOD TRADE
2. 1550-1700 SUGAR
3. 1700-1800 MINING (GOLD)
4. 1800-1900 COFFEE
5. 1880-1940 RUBBER
boom cycle, need for workers
B. GOVERNMENT
1. BUREAUCRACIES
sent from Spain, anxious to return home
2. 1808-1824 -KINGDOM
king est. gov't in exile after defea t by Nap. until
return to Port.
3. 1824-1888 - EMPIRE
Prince est. ind. gov't.
Abolished Slave trade
4. 1888- PRESENT - REPUBLIC
change of gov't bloodless
III. SLAVERY
1. approx. 5 million imported, first leg of trade so
slaves rel. cheap.
2. manumission of sick slaves 100/1000 year, compared
to 4/1000 per year in US
3. revolts, escapes common
4. free Black and slave Black pop.
5. Continutity with African culture,
6. families kept together, slaves allowed to work for
wages to buy freedom.
7. inferiority assoc. with slave status not ethnicity
IV. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
A. POPULATION DIVERSITY
1. INDIANS
a. 1755 Indian slavery ended, 700 tribes have disappeared, 180 left
b. susceptible to European diseases, current pop. 220,000
2. EUROPEANS
a. continual migration, Port. 1.4 m., Germans, Swiss(South),
Italians (Sao Paulo) 1.4 m., Japanese 250,000, Middle East 750,000
3. AFRICANS
a. 1532-1850 Port. pioneers in slave trade, 5 m. imported,
4. MESTIZO
MAMELUCO - WHITE AND INDIAN
CAFUSO - INDIAN AND BLACK
MULATTO - BLACK AND WHITE
| CENSUS | 1940 | 1990 |
| WHITE | 63.5% | 55% |
| MULATTO | 21.2% | 38.5% |
| AFRICAN | 14.6% | .9% |
B. CLASS/ SKIN COLOR HIERARCHY
1. Education and work success raise social status
V. "MULATTO ESCAPE HATCH"
1. social stability, future orientation, little class
or ethnic solidarity, upper class European oriented, skin color - limiting
role not determining role, family strategy for generational success
2. not succeeding in recent times.
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